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《北京天坛的英文导游词精选12篇》

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北京天坛的英文导游词(精选12篇)

北京天坛的英文导游词 篇1

现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走,面前的建筑叫做天库,而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年,起初叫做泰神殿,到了十七年,改名为现在的皇穹宇,它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘坛祭祀主神的地方,所以这里也叫圜丘坛寝宫。殿内正面的圆形石台上安放的就是皇天上帝的神牌,而前边两侧的四个方形石台上安放的则是八位祖先神主,还有东西配殿用来存放从祀神位。而皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了至高无上,天,宇宙的意思,更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。

它是一座建筑艺术价值非常高的殿宇,总体呈圆形,下边是高2.85米的圆形须弥座,为青白石筑成,有东南西三个方向的出陛,也就是台阶,而在南向出陛还有二龙戏珠的丹陛石。上边是蓝色筒瓦单檐攒尖鎏金宝顶。而在殿内还有八根檐柱和八根金柱,大殿上架没有横梁承托,全都是靠各类斗拱层层上叠来支撑,步步收缩,从而形成了精美的穹隆圆顶。这里边还运用了物理学中的杠杆原理。这组建筑不仅十分精美,而且还有回音壁和三音石,这和刚才我们说的天心石合称天坛三大声学现象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙,围墙建造的磨砖对缝,十分的平滑,是很好的声音载体,可以传声,在传递途中对声音损失极小,只要对着墙说话,就算相隔四五十米,见不到面,都可以清晰的听到对方说话。而三音石则是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头,您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音,第二块石头可以听到两次,而第三块就可以听到三次回音,所以称为三音石。在后来也有人把它叫做三才石,取天地人三才的意思。

也许您刚才就已经注意到了,天坛有非常多的柏树,不错,它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中,有一株500余岁的桧柏,就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特,布满了沟壑,而且旋转扭曲,好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏,所以叫它九龙柏真是一点也不过分。

在游览过了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后,我们就即将走进祈谷坛了,而现在我们脚下连接两个祭坛的就是丹陛桥,也叫做海墁大道,而它也是皇帝登上祈谷坛的唯一通道,长360米,桥面上分为三条道,中间的是神道,东边是御道,西边的就是王道。而它作为通道为什么又要称为桥呢?这有两种说法,一种是说路面南低北高,步步高升,好像与天相连接的桥;而另一种就是说路面下边建有进牲门,类似立交桥,所以称之为桥。说到进牲门,就是在祭祀前,牛羊都要通过桥下的一个券门被赶到500米外的宰牲亭宰杀,制成供品,所以这个通道也被叫做鬼门关,因为一进去就有死无生了。

好,回到正题,现在呈现在您面前的就是祈谷坛的完整建筑群。前面的这个石台是具服台,在每年孟春祈谷祭祀之前,皇帝照例还是要来到这里搭建幄次,盥洗更衣,所以这里还有小金殿之称。

到此,祈谷坛的主体建筑祈年殿就出现在我们面前了。祈年殿下的基座是三层的圆形石台,而在正面三层石台阶中,分别装饰着巨大的浮雕,叫做殿前丹陛石雕。从下之上内容分别是:瑞云山海,双凤山海,双龙山海。各层排水孔的图案和浮雕的内容也是对应的。东西两旁的配殿个有九间,原来是安放从祀牌位的地方,不过在家靖年间,把它们挪到了先农坛,所以现在这里也就没有什么实际用途了。而祈年殿本身就是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。圆形三重檐攒尖屋顶向上层层收缩,都是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖,以此来象征天。顶部是鎏金宝顶,抬头仰视,便是龙凤藻井,中心是龙凤成祥的图案。而巨大的三层殿顶就是靠殿内的28根落地柱支撑的,中间的四柱名叫龙井柱,东南西北方向分别代表了春夏秋冬;而龙井柱外围的12个红漆金柱所分割出来的12个开间,则分别代表了一年的12个月份;外面两环的24个开间有分别代表了一年的24个节气;同时,这28根大柱,也代表了天上的28个星宿。据说这祈年殿是仿照古代明堂设计建造的。在感叹殿内建筑的同时,也让我们把注意力逐渐转移到殿内的陈设上来。这里的陈设是按照清朝咸丰年间原状恢复的,正面的雕龙宝座上供奉着的是满汉合璧的皇天上帝神版,左右两侧的石台上供奉的是清朝前八位皇帝的牌位。

和每年的祭天一样,这里是用来祈谷的地方。在祭祀的当天,有乐队在殿外月台上奏乐,身穿祭服的皇帝虔诚步入神殿,向牌位行大礼,祈祷上苍,然后把供品送到祈年门外东边的燔柴炉和燎炉焚烧,送上天宫。祈谷礼节和祭天的差不多。

到这里,祈年殿也差不多讲完了,而它还有一个附属建筑,作用和皇穹宇差不多,也是存放祈谷坛祭祀神主的地方,就是祈年殿北侧的皇乾殿。

现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来,可以看到一条连檐通脊的长廊,共有七十二间,俗称七十二连房,它不仅用来连接神厨神库,而且也是祭祀时运送祭品的通道,在长廊的东头,就是宰牲亭,就是前面所说过了鬼门关的牲畜要道这里来屠宰。而在长廊的东南方向,有八块巨大的青石,称为七星石,都是风水镇石。可是这里命名有八块石头为什么叫七星呢?原来明代在这里放的的确是七块石头,而最小的那一块则是清代增添上的。关于七星石的说法每个朝代都不同。在明代,有个道士和皇帝说祈年殿的方位不好,不利于国家,所以就在这里放了象征着北斗七星的七块石头。而在清代,康熙皇帝为了给满族爱新觉罗氏寻找从东北如主中原的理论依据,就派人考察山脉,发现泰山是长白山的余脉,所以就在原来七块石头的东北方有放了一小块儿青石,象征东北长白山,如果按这种说法,那八块石头就应该叫做七峰东岳。

暂且不管他们怎么定论了。今天的观光游览就要结束了,在天坛的这段时光希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆。同时也请您把天坛的祝福带给您的家人朋友。

北京天坛的英文导游词 篇2

各位游客:

大家好,我是你们的导游,小李。

下面我要给大家讲讲天坛的传说,现在大家抬头看一下这就是美丽的天坛,从远出看是个八角形宝塔。

天坛是王屋的主峰,高峰耸寺深古纵横,一峰突起,万峰臣伏,唯我独尊,从南向北看中间高,两边低,好似屋顶像王者之屋,称王屋山。天坛原名叫琼林台,因皇帝在山顶设坛祭天,后人为了纪念,该为天坛。为了纪念皇帝老师华盖对皇帝指点,把天坛峰前的山叫华盖峰。

我们走过天坛,又来到了望景寺,这里可以这人观赏天坛的风景。

天坛是世界文化遗产,国家5A级旅游景区,全国重点文明保护单位。于北京正阳门,东南方自,为明清两朝皇帝祭天,求雨和祈,寿年专用祭坛,是世界上现在规模最大,最完美的古代祭天建筑群。总面积273平方米。作为公园正式对外开放。

坛为三层圆形石台,坛区占地20万余平方米。因此;明清时期北京的天坛与历朝代郊坛有一脉相承的渊源。

天地坛遂改称为天坛。消沿明制,天坛一称沿用至今。从乾隆八年1743年起,对天坛建筑进行了多次修理,天坛终于形成了南北两坛,规制严谨的盛郎风貌。

天坛到处有美丽的风景,说也说不尽,希望你有机会细细游赏。

北京天坛的英文导游词 篇3

各位游客,大家好!我是本次的导游,我姓,大家可以叫我导。今天我们要参观的就是古代皇帝祭天的地方——北京天坛。

大家跟我走,这里就是祈年殿。看,那28根用金丝楠木做的高大柱子支撑着整个祈年殿。最中间的四根柱子支撑着最上层屋檐,象征春、夏、秋、冬四季。中围十二根柱子支撑第二层屋檐,象征十二个月。外围十二根柱子顶着第三层屋檐,象征着一天中十二个时辰。中外围共二十四根柱子,代表一年二十四个节气。一共二十八根柱子代表着天上的二十八星宿。最奇特的是祈年殿的内部结构。大家看,祈年殿内没有大梁和长檩,只用楠木柱和枋桷撑起屋顶。

大家往这边走,这就是著名的圜丘坛。这里又名天台,是曾经皇帝孟冬祭天的地方。圜丘坛有5。2米多高,分成三层。三三得九,九在古代是阳数,古时候的'工匠就用这个数来赋予圜丘台上的崇高。注意到了圜丘坛的奇特之处了吗?站在圜丘坛的中心向外喊,就会有巨大的回声传来,如同几十张嘴在向你大喊。好了,说了那么多,大家休息一下。想去拍照的拍照,注意卫生,做一个文明的游客。

谢谢大家聆听我的讲解,时间也不早了,希望我们下次有缘相见。

北京天坛的英文导游词 篇4

大家好,欢迎大家来到天坛公园,很荣幸认识大家,更荣幸为大家导游。我代表旅行社对大家的到来表示热烈的欢迎。我叫郭玉萍,希望我们大家都能成为朋友,在游览期间有什么需要帮忙的,或是我们有什么地方做得不够的请大家直接和我们提出来,我们将尽力而为,希望我们大家都能有一次美好的游览经历。今天我们的路线安排是自南向北走,沿着南北轴线依次是圜丘,皇穹宇,祈年殿等。然后由东门出去。

现在我先简单给大家介绍一下天坛.

天坛,位于北京城区的东南部,原是明、清两代皇帝祭天、祈谷的圣地,是世界现存规模最大的祭天建筑群,建于明朝永乐四年至十八年(1406~1420),与紫禁城(故宫)同时兴建。耗时20xx年,距今已有580多年历史。其占地273公顷,比故宫大3.7倍,略小于颐和园。天坛是通称,它实际有两个坛组成,南为圜丘坛,北为祈谷坛。 历代封建皇帝对祭天活动都极为重视,每年要两次亲临天坛祭天。第一次是在农历正月十五日,至祈年殿举行祈谷礼,第二次是在冬至,至圜丘坛禀告五谷业已丰收,感谢天帝的保佑之恩。

现在我们面前的这扇门是北天门,沿着这里进去就是著名的圜丘坛了。

此刻在我们眼前的是圜丘坛,俗称祭天台,它建于明嘉靖九年(1530),清乾隆十四年(1749)扩建,是一座四周由白石雕栏围护的三层石造圆台,通高五米,明、清两代,每年冬至日皇帝亲临的祭天礼仪,就在此坛举行。 圜丘坛在建筑形式上,有着许多神奇有趣的说法。各项建筑材料的数学计算均极其精确,其中包含"九"的含义与运用深为中外广大游人所赞叹与称奇。

圜丘坛共分三层,每层四面各有台阶九级。各层铺设的扇面形石板,是九或九的倍数。最上层的中心是一块圆形大理石(称作天心石或太极石),是游人最感兴趣的又一奇妙之处。 从中心石向外,第一环为9块,第二环18块,到第九环81块;中层从第十环的90块至十八环的162块;下层从十九环的171块至二十七环的243块,三层共378个"九",为3402块。 同时,上层直径为9丈(取一九),中层直径为十五丈(取三五),下层直径为21丈(取三七),合起来45丈,不但是九的倍数,而且还有""之尊的含义。为什么要用九或九的倍数来设计建造祭坛呢?原因是:一、据神话传说,皇天上帝是住在九重天里,用九或九的倍数来象征九重天,以表示天体的至高与至大。二、在我国古代把单数(奇数)看作阳数,而将双数(偶数)视为阴数。天为阳、地为阴。天坛是用来祭天的,只能用阳数进行建筑。而"九"又被视为"极阳数",这是最吉祥的数字。现在我们再到这上面来看看这块天

心石,当你站在圆心石上轻声说话时,自己听起来声音很宏大,有共鸣性回音之感。但站在第二、三环以外的人,则无此种感觉。为什么呢?相信大家懂得这是一种声学现象:由于坛面十分光洁平滑,声波传到周围等距离的石栏围板后,能够迅速地被反射回来。说话者根本无法分清它的原音和回音,所以站在圆心石的人听起来,其共鸣性回音就格外响亮。封建统治者则把这种声学现象说成是"上天垂象",是天下万民对于朝廷的无限归心与一致响应。大家不妨站到上面去亲身体验一下。

好,现在我们继续往前走,这座殿宇就是皇穹宇,它距今已有四百多年历史。殿高19.5米,底部直径15.6米。砖木结构,整个殿宇用八根檐柱支撑,顶无横梁,由众多斗拱层层上叠,天花板层层收缩,组成美丽的穹窿圆顶式的藻井。殿内正中的石台宝座,是放置皇天上帝神牌的地方;宝座前左右的石台,是放置皇帝历代祖先牌位之处。殿外的东西配殿,为供奉日月星辰和云雨风雷诸神牌位之所。进到这里后不知道大家有没注意我们周围的这圈围墙?这就是颇负盛名的回音壁。围墙周长193.2米,直径61.5米,墙高3.72 米,厚0.9米。它的奇特之处并不是在它的外观上,而是在于同刚才的天心石相似的声学现象。如果两个人分别站在院内东西配殿后的墙下,均面部朝北对墙低声说话,可像打电话一

样互相对话,极其奇妙有趣,这就是回音壁得名的由来。大家有兴趣的就去试试吧。

我们现在从皇穹宇的西面出来,在这里有一株古柏,名为九龙柏,是国家著名的古树之一,树干扭结纠屈,宛如九条盘旋而上的蟠龙,故此得名。大家看上面挂着的红色的标志牌,这种标牌的颜色其实也是有讲究的,标志红牌表示一级古树,标志绿牌表示二级古树(100以上国内外稀有的或是具有历史意义和纪念意义及重要科研价值的树木),据传这棵古柏生长于建坛之前,已有近千年历史,所以挂红牌来展现它的价值。

我们现在脚下的路叫做丹陛桥,这明明是一条笔直坦荡的大道,为何又称"桥"呢?因为在道路下辟有一个券洞,与上面的大道正好形成立体交叉,故称为桥。这是一条南北走向的石砌台基大道。丹陛桥为天坛内坛的主轴线,起着连接南端圜丘坛和北端祈谷坛两组建筑物的重要作用。桥面中心线的石板道叫"神道",神道左右两侧的条石道,分别叫"御道"和"王道"。天帝神灵走"神道",皇帝走御道,王公大臣走王道。 沿着丹陛桥继续向北走,现在在我们左边的是具服台,它位设于丹陛桥北段东侧,为一座凸字形平台。这是皇帝前往祈年殿行祀谷礼时,更换冕服(祭服)的地方。

现在我们眼前的便是祈年殿和祈谷坛,这里是明清两代皇帝孟春祈谷的圣地。祈年殿采用上屋下坛的构造形式,三重

檐逐层向上收束,作伞状,祈年殿俗称无梁殿,整座建筑不用大梁长檩及铁钉,完全依靠二十八根擎天柱及众多的枋、木兑、桷、闩支撑和榫接起来。该殿建于明永乐十八年(1420),初名大祀殿,呈长方形。明嘉靖九年(1530),改成三重檐圆殿,并自上而下依次覆盖青、黄、绿的三色瓦,改名大享殿。清乾隆十七年(175年)改为今名,同时一律改为覆盖深蓝色琉璃瓦,以象征蓝天。光绪十五年(1889),该殿毁于雷火,次年又按原样重建。陈列于殿前的青铜大鼎炉,均是几百年前的文物。殿内柱子的数目,据说是按天象设立的。里层的四根鎏金通天柱,叫"龙井柱",柱高18.5米,底部直径1.2米,两人也难合抱,象征春夏秋冬四季。中层的12根朱红金柱,象征一年12个月。外层的12根檐柱,象征一天的12个时辰。中层12根金柱和外层12根檐柱相加为24根,象征一年中的24个节气。金柱、檐柱和龙井柱相加为28根,象征周天28星宿。再加大殿宝顶藻井周围的8根童柱,共计36根,象征36天罡。宝顶中心的雷公柱,则象征着天帝的"一统天下"。

下面我们看到的是皇乾殿,原是平时放置皇天上帝牌位和皇帝祖先牌位的地方,又有祈谷坛寝宫之称。后来,祭祀仪式中所使用的旌旗、仪仗、乐器等物亦存放于此。内藏不少祭祀文物,现按原样陈列,并塑有清代皇帝的祭天蜡像,常年供游人观览。

现在在我们左手边的是七星石位于长廊东南侧的旷地中,共有七大一小石块。但为何称作"七星石"呢? 据传说,明永乐帝迁都北京时,想修建一座祭天地的坛庙建筑,但难找到合适的地方。这时,有一晚他梦见天上北斗七星落地于此,谓之天遂人意,为其解了不决之难,从而降旨于此地建造祭坛。 据资料记载,七星石为明代嘉靖九年,经人工雕凿后而置于此处的。嘉靖皇帝十分迷信道教,道士对他说,祈年殿东南方太为空旷,这对他的皇位、寿命不利。于是便设七星石在此,以镇压风水。在七星石东北隅还有一块小石头,据说这是清朝统治者为了纪念他们的祖先功德而增置的。其设于七星石的东北方向,用以表示不忘本源之意。

这里是天坛的东门,关于天坛就给大家介绍到这里,我为大家在这次游览给予的配合表示感谢,谢谢大家,若是在游览中我有什么做得不够的请大家见谅。希望大家接下来旅途愉快,再见。

北京天坛的英文导游词 篇5

来到圜丘坛上,发现了,坛上所有的台阶数,护板数都是九或者九的倍数。每登上一层,都要有9层台阶,台面上的石板中间的叫做天心石,外围第一圈砌着9块巨大的扇形石板,第二圈18块,以此类推,到了最外边的第九圈正好是81块;而大家抬头就可以看到的围护板被四面台阶分为四个部分,每个部分也都有9块,而中层的围护板是18块,下层的是27块,因为根据阴阳五行来说,9是极阳数,所以古代的工匠便用这个数字来赋予圜丘台意念上的崇高。

每年的冬至,皇帝就要在这里祭天。在大典前两天,皇帝要在故宫里进行斋戒,而到了第三天,也就是冬至前一天,就要到天坛的斋宫进行斋戒。冬至那天,在日出前七刻,现在的凌晨四点多,奏报时辰,皇帝起驾,斋宫东北角的钟楼开始鸣钟。到具服台盥洗更衣,神牌都送到台面相应的位置,也就是七组神位,称作七幄;在圜丘前燔柴炉上放一只牛犊,用松枝燔烧,西南的望灯杆望灯高悬,点燃蟠龙通宵宝蜡,台南广场上排列着奏乐队,配合着中和韶乐,在文武百官的陪同下,祭天大典就正式开始了,皇帝由南棂星左门登坛,这时钟声停止,到了第二层南侧拜位站好后,听候司赞人报仪程。恭读至皇天上帝的祝文。礼仪结束以后,要将神位前的贡品分别送到燔柴炉和燎炉焚烧,烟雾腾空,象征着送到天庭。而后还要将牛尾、牛毛、牛血送到瘗坎掩埋,象征不忘祖先茹毛饮血之意。在这个典礼上,皇帝站在台面中心的天心石上恭读祝文。天心石又叫亿兆景从石,人间偶语,天闻若雷,说的就是站在天心石上说话,皇天上帝就能清楚的听到,所以皇帝会站在天心石上恭读祝文。天心石是天坛三大声学现象之一。

面前的建筑叫做天库,而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年,起初叫做泰神殿,到了十七年,改名为现在的皇穹宇,它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘坛祭祀主神的地方,所以这里也叫圜丘坛寝宫。殿内正面的圆形石台上安放的就是皇天上帝的神牌,而前边两侧的四个方形石台上安放的则是八位祖先神主,还有东西配殿用来存放从祀神位。而皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了至高无上,天,殿宇的意思,更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。它是一座建筑艺术价值非常高的殿宇,总体呈圆形,下边是高2.85米的圆形须弥座,为青白石筑成,东南西三个方向各一出陛,在南向有二龙戏珠的丹陛石。殿顶是蓝色筒瓦单檐攒尖鎏金宝顶。而在殿内还有八根檐柱和八根金柱,大殿上架没有横梁承托,全都是靠各类斗拱层层上叠来支撑,步步收缩,从而形成了精美的穹隆圆顶。这组建筑不仅十分精美,而且还有回音壁和三音石,这和刚才我们说的天心石合称天坛三大声学现象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙,围墙建造的磨砖对缝,十分的平滑,是很好的声音载体,可以传声,在传递途中对声音损失极小,只要对着墙说话,就算相隔四五十米,见不到面,都可以清晰的听到对方说话。而三音石则是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头,站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音,第二块石头可以听到两次,而第三块就可以听到三次回音,所以称为三音石。在后来也有人把它叫做三才石,取天地人三才的意思。

北京天坛的英文导游词 篇6

天坛是北京“天地日月”诸坛之首,是我国和世界上现存最大的古代祭祀性建筑群,始建于明永乐十八年,是一座典型坛庙,是明清两代皇帝祭天祈谷的场所。每年孟春祈谷、孟夏祈雨、孟冬祀天。无论从架构、力学还是美学角度来看,天坛都是出类拔萃、举世无双的建筑杰作。现已辟为公园开放,昔日的皇家坛庙现已成为北京市区富有特色的旅游公园。 天坛是圜丘、祈谷两坛的总称,占地273公顷,面积占整个崇文区的1/4。天坛建筑布局呈“回”字形,有垣墙两重,形成内外坛,坛墙南方北圆,象征天圆地方。有斋宫、圜丘坛、祈年殿、长廊、万寿亭、回音壁、三音石、七星石和古柏等名胜古迹。

天坛布局

天坛的主要建筑均位于内坛,从南到北排列在一条直线上。全部宫殿、坛基都朝南成圆形,以象征天。整个布局和建筑结构,都具有独特的风格。祈年殿是皇帝祈祷五谷丰登的场所,是一座三重檐的圆形大殿,高38米,直径32.72米,蓝色琉璃瓦顶,全砖木结构,没有大梁 长檩,全靠28根木柱和36根枋桷支撑,在建筑的造型上具有高度的艺术价值。

天坛被两重坛墙分隔成内坛和外坛,形似“回”字。两重坛墙的南侧转角皆为直角,北侧转角皆为圆弧形,象征着“天圆地方”。外坛墙周长6553米,原本只在西墙上开辟祈谷坛门和圜丘坛门,1949年后又陆续新建了东门和北门,并把内坛南面的昭亨门改为南门。

天坛的内坛墙周长4152米,辟有六门:祈谷坛有东、北、西三座天门,圜丘坛的南面有泰元、昭亨和广利门。主要建筑都集中在内坛,南有圜丘坛和皇穹宇,北有祈年殿和皇干殿,两部分之间有隔墙相隔,并用一座长360米、宽28米、高2.5米的“丹陛桥”(砖砌甬道)连接圜丘坛和祈谷坛,构成了内坛的南北轴线。

圜丘坛是皇帝举行祭天大礼的地方,始建于嘉靖九年(1530年)。坛平面呈圆形,共分三层,皆设汉白玉栏板。坛面原来使用蓝琉璃砖,乾隆十四年(1749年)重建后,改用坚硬耐久的艾叶青石铺设。每层的栏杆头上都刻有云龙纹,在每一栏杆下又向外伸出一石螭头,用于坛面排水。圜丘坛有外方内圆两重矮墙,象征着天圆地方。圜丘坛的附属建筑有皇穹宇及其配庑、神库、宰牲亭、三库(祭器库、乐器库、棕荐库)等。 站在圜丘坛最上层中央的圆石上面虽小声说话,却显得十分洪亮。因此每当皇帝在这里祭天,其洪亮声音,就如同上天神谕一般,加上祭礼时那庄严的气氛,更具神秘效果。这是因为坛面光滑,声波得以快速地向四面八方传播,碰到周围的石栏,反射回来,与原声汇合,则音量加倍。

圜丘坛

圜丘坛又称祭天台、拜天台、祭台,是一座露天的三层圆形石坛,为皇帝冬至祭天的地方,始建于明嘉靖九年(1530年),清乾隆十四年(1749年)扩建。坛周长534米,坛高5.2米,分上、中、下三层,各层栏板望柱及台阶数目均用阳数(又称“天数”,即九的倍数),符""之尊。坛面用艾叶青石砌就。坛面除中心石是圆形外,外围各圈均为扇面形,数目也是阳数。每层都有汉白玉栏板望柱,均为9的倍数。顶层中心的圆形石板叫做太阳石或者天心石,站在其上呼喊或敲击,声波会被近旁的栏板反射,形成显着的回音。

古代中国将单数称作阳数,双数称作阴数。在阳数中,数字9是“阳数之极”,表示天体的至高至大,叫作“天数”。古人认为九是阳数之极,表示至高至大,皇帝是天子,也至高至大,所以整个圜丘坛都采用九的倍数来表示天子的权威。圜丘坛的栏板望柱和台阶数等,处处是9或者9的倍数。顶层圆形石板的外层是扇面形石块,共有9层。最内一层有9块石块,而每往外一层就递增9块,中下层亦是如此。三层栏板的数量分别是上屋栏板72块,中层108块,下层180块,合360周天度数。三层坛面的直径总和为45丈,除了是9的倍数外,还暗含“之尊”的寓意。

圜丘坛外有两重围墙,内圆外方,四面各辟棂星门一座。西南角有望灯台三座(南北二座只余遗迹),东南角有燔柴炉、瘗坎、燎炉和具服台。坛东还有神库、神厨、宰牲亭、祭器库、乐器库和棕建库等附属建筑。

皇穹宇

圜丘坛以北是皇穹宇,皇穹宇院落位于圜丘坛外壝北侧,坐北朝南,圆形围墙,南面设三座琉璃门,主要建筑有皇穹宇和东西配殿,是供奉圜丘坛祭祀神位的场所。祭天时使用的祭祀神牌都存放在这里。它始建于嘉靖九年(1530年),初名泰神殿,十七年(1538年)起改称皇穹宇。乾隆十七年(1752年)重修后为鎏金宝顶单檐攒尖顶建筑,用蓝色琉璃瓦铺设屋顶,象征青天。大殿直径15.6米,高19.02米,由八根金柱和八根檐柱共同支撑起巨大的殿顶,三层天花藻井层层收进,构造精巧。殿正中有汉白玉雕花的圆形石座,供奉“皇天上帝”牌位,左右配享皇帝祖先的神牌。正殿东西各有配殿,分别供奉日月星辰和云雨雷电等诸神牌位。整个殿宇的外观状似圆亭,坐落在2米多高的汉白玉须弥座台基上,周围均设石护栏。另外,在皇穹宇殿前到大门中间的石板路上,由北向南的三块石板叫做三音石。在皇穹宇门窗关闭而且附近没有障碍物的情况下,站立于第一块石板上击掌,可听到回音一声;于第二块石板上击掌,可听到回音两声;于第三块石板上击掌,可听到回音三声。

回音壁就是皇穹宇的围墙。墙高3.72米,厚0.9米,直径61.5米,周长193.2米。墙壁是用磨砖对缝砌成的,墙头覆着蓝色琉璃瓦。围墙的弧度十分规则,墙面极其光滑整齐,对声波的折射是十分规则的。只要两个人分别站在东、西配殿后,贴墙而立,一个人靠墙向北说话,声波就会沿着墙壁连续折射前进,传到一、二百米的另一端,无论说话声音多小,也可以使对方听得清清楚楚,而且声音悠长,堪称奇趣,给人造成一种“天人感应”的神秘气氛。所以称之为“回音壁”。

祈年殿

祈年殿在天坛的北部,也称为祈谷坛,原名大祈殿、大享殿,始建于明永乐十八年(1420xx年),是天坛最早的建筑物。乾隆十六年(1751年)修缮后,改名为祈年殿。光绪十五年(1889年)毁于雷火,数年后按原样重建。目前的祈年殿是一座直径32.72米的圆形建筑,鎏金宝顶蓝瓦三重檐攒尖顶,层层收进,总高38米。

祈年殿的殿座就是圆形的祈谷坛,三层6米高,气势巍峨。坛周有矮墙一重,东南角设燔柴炉、瘗坎、燎炉和具服台。坛北有皇干殿,面阔五间,原先放置祖先神牌,后来牌位移至太庙。坛边还有祈年门、神库、神厨、宰牲亭、走牲路和长廊等附属建筑。长廊南面的广场上有七星石,是嘉靖年间放置的镇石。

天坛的主体建筑是祈年殿,始建于明永乐十八年(1420xx年)。每年皇帝都在这里举行祭天仪式,祈祷风调雨顺、五谷丰登。祈年殿呈圆形,直径32米,祈年殿高38米,是一座有鎏金宝顶的三重檐的圆形大殿,殿檐颜色深蓝,是用蓝色琉璃瓦铺砌的,因为天是蓝色的,以此来象征天。

祈年殿在建筑上出色之处是,祈年殿用28根楠木大柱和36块互相衔接的榜、桷,支撑着三层连体的殿檐。这些大柱有不同的象征意义:中央四柱叫通天柱,代表四季;中层十二根金柱,代表十二个月;外层十二根檐柱,代表十二时辰;中外层相加二十四根代表二十四节气;三层相加二十八根,代表二十八星宿;加柱顶八根童柱,代表三十六天罡;宝顶下雷公柱,代表皇帝一统天下。其附属建筑有皇乾殿、祈年门、神库、神厨、宰牲亭、燔柴炉、瘗坎、具服台、走牲路及72间长廊等。长廊南面的广场上有七星石,石上镂刻山形云纹图案,是明嘉靖时放置的镇石。

这座大殿坐落在面积达5900多平方米的圆形汉白玉台基上,台基分3层,高6米,每层都有雕花的汉白玉栏杆。这个台基与大殿是不可分的艺术整体。当游人跨出祈年殿的大门,往南望去,只见那条笔直的甬道,往南伸去,一路上门廊重重,越远越小,极目无尽,有一种从天上下来的感觉。难怪一位法国的建筑专家在游览了天坛之后说:摩天大厦比祈年殿高得多,但却没有祈年殿那种高大与深邃的意境,达不到祈年殿的艺术高度。这座大殿在1889年(清光绪十五年)被雷击起火焚毁,据说,当时殿的大柱是用沉香木做的,燃烧时,清香的气味,数里之外都可以闻到。翌年,皇帝召集群臣商量重建祈年殿。因找不到图样,掌管国家建筑事务的工部便把曾经参加过祈所殿修缮事务的工匠们召集来,让他们根据记忆、口述制成图样,再施工建造。因此,现在的祈年殿是清代光绪年间的建筑,但是,基本建筑形式、结构,还保留着明代的样子。

九龙藻井

祈年殿内,天花板处是精致的“九龙藻井”,龙井柱则是描金彩绘。殿内中央有一块平面圆形大理石,石面上的花纹,是自然形成的龙凤花纹,一条行龙抱着一只凤凰,这便是“龙凤石”,即“龙凤呈祥”。 相传,这块石头上原来只有凤纹,而殿顶藻井内只有雕龙,年长日久,龙、凤有了灵感,金龙常常飞下来找凤石上的凤凰寻欢。不料有一天正遇见嘉靖皇帝来祭天,在石上跪拜行礼,金龙来不及飞回去,和石上的凤凰一起被嘉靖皇帝压进圆石里面,再也无法出来,从此才变成一深一浅的龙凤石。1889年祈年殿被焚烧时,这块龙凤石被烈火熏烧了一个昼夜,石块虽未被烧碎,但龙纹被烧成浅黑色,凤纹被烧得模糊不清。祈年殿前有东、西配殿各九间,称东庑和西庑,是收藏配神牌位的库房。明代祭天时,除祭祷皇天上帝外,还要配祭皇族朱氏祖先,以及日、月五星,东、西、南、北、中的五大岳,五小岳的五镇,四海四渎(河湖)、风云雷雨、山川、太岁、道教等各神祗和历代帝王等。

神乐署

神乐署原为天坛五大建筑之一,在圜丘坛西天门外西北,始建于明朝永乐十八年(1420xx年)。神乐署是管理祭天时演奏古乐的机关。明代叫神乐观,当时神乐观的乐舞官、舞生都由道士担任。

而现在的神乐署占地一万平方米,由三进大殿组成。演奏场是刚刚重建的———作为明清时期的最高乐舞学府,神乐署经过两年多修缮向游人开放。在专题展览室里,游人还可以亲自敲打编钟,感受古乐的魅力。凝视殿里,木廊柱下,现代灯光交织辉映,照亮了30位身穿古代华服的乐师———头戴垂绦冠,身穿黑锦衣,肩头、前襟和袖口绣着红黄织锦图案。他们是国内音乐界的古乐演奏家、民乐指挥家、音乐史学家。

雅乐是中华仪式音乐的代表,指皇家宫廷在进行祭祀等仪式时演奏的音乐。乐队的排列是琴瑟在中,笙箫在侧,钟、磬合围三面。雅乐的节奏较为舒缓,乐师一边演奏,一列歌者在旁配合演唱古文歌词。还有不配歌词的琴瑟合奏曲,以及《诗经?国风》的独唱。六支雅乐结束后,余音绕梁,台下掌声经久不息。一位首次弹奏“瑟”的乐手说,“瑟”之音比古琴清亮,比古筝柔和,百年不闻于世,实在可惜。

南神厨院

南神厨院建于明嘉靖九年(1530),位于圜丘东,座北朝南,院门南开,主要建筑有神库、神厨、井亭,是圜丘冬至祭天大典之前制作圜丘坛各种祭品的场所。院门外有走牲道与圜丘东棂星门相连,祭时临时搭设走牲棚以运送祭品。建筑规整庄重,是我国祭祀建筑中仅存的几座神厨之一。

闲唠天坛

1420xx年,明永乐皇帝朱棣用工十四年与紫禁城同时建成了天坛。这个巨大的祭天神庙位于故宫正南偏东的城南。也许和那个时候还保留着一些相似,南城在今天仍是京城中比较后发展的区域。拜后发展之赐,南城鲜有鳞次栉比的高大建筑群用来遮天蔽地,从长安街中心地段往南即使是步行也不需要很久,就可以张望到高撑空中盖笠一样的祈年殿鎏金宝石蓝琉璃顶或是绵亘数公里素朴的灰砖围墙之一隅。

北方的园林不比江南建造的细巧雅致,多是宏大叙事,动辄占地数百公顷。有一种说法,天坛当年的设计者们顾忌天坛是祭天之所,皇帝既然自称是天之子,“老天”的居所自然要大过“天子”,因此天坛的占地面积比故宫要大两倍。大概出于同样的顾忌,天坛的主体建筑都以深蓝琉璃瓦敷顶,不敢僭越使用本属皇家园林专用的明黄色琉璃,而每年度的祭天大典开始前皇帝更要到丹陛桥东侧专设的具服台临时将黄袍换成蓝袍以向上天演示他虔诚的敬畏和顶礼膜拜。这样的祭典在这里延续了数百年,直到上个世纪的,史称窃国大盗的袁世凯当上皇帝的时候又声势浩大地操办了一次之后就正式拉上了帷幕。

天坛的南北东西各有一门,其主要建筑集中在内坛中轴线的南北两端。对于匆匆的游客来说,最好从南门开始游览。从南门进园,依次先到寰丘坛,这座几何造型祭天坛的建筑充满奇思巧技,坛面、台阶、栏杆所用的汉白玉石块全是九的倍数,象征九重天;皇穹宇是放置皇天上帝牌位的地方,造型像是一个小号的祈年殿;在皇穹宇的外面,有一道圆形磨砖对缝的围墙,门向南开,就是很有趣的回音壁。在回音壁试回音要方法得当,如果同行两人,两人应面向北分别站在东西配殿后才能听见彼此的说话。回音壁北有祈年殿、皇乾殿,是北端的重要建筑,其间由一条宽阔的丹陛桥相连接。天高云淡的晚秋时节跨出祈年殿的大门,顺着这条三百米长笔直的甬道往南望去,门廊重重,越远越小,天地渺然雄浑似是极目无尽,令人不得不赞叹当年设计建筑的手法和灵感。天坛另有东侧的游廊、神厨、宰牲亭和西天门的斋宫等建筑和古迹。特别是斋宫,因为是皇帝典礼前沐浴焚香清心静养留宿斋戒的地方,不似天坛的其他建筑那么恢弘高远俨俨然天庭气概。暮春时分,斋宫内外两道护城河的河池铺满盛开的紫花沙参,榆叶梅绚烂的花枝隐现在红墙悬山顶绿琉璃瓦建造的重重回廊房舍和小小的月亮门上,透着庭院深深的人间气息。难以想象,八国联军那时候怎么就能把联军总司令部设在这样清幽净心之地而不得些感化。

其实对于把天坛当作自己生活空间向户外延展的市民来说,天坛的华美建筑只是他们在这里活动的一个大背景,更大的吸引力来自这是城区独有的森林公园。明清以来天坛广植松柏,至今已成森然巨林。

北京天坛的英文导游词 篇7

Today, well go to visit the Temple of Heaven. First, I'll give you a brief introduction of it. The Temple of Heaven is situated in the southern part of Beijing. It was first built in 1420 in the Ming Dynasty. It covers an area of 273 hectares. The Temple of Heaven is not only the largest group of temple building in China, but also the largest heaven-worshipping architecture in the world.

Originally the Temple of Heaven was built according to the Temple of Heaven and Earth in Nanjing, so both heaven and earth were worshiped here, then it was called Temple of Heaven and Earth at that time. In 1530, another structure, Temple of Earth was built in the northern part of Beijing and the Heaven and Earth were worshipped separately. Since only Heaven was worshipped in here, it was renamed the Temple of Heaven.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Temple of Heaven was the place where the emperors came to worship the God of Heaven and pray for good harvest. The emperors came here twice a year. The first time was on the 15 th day of the first lunar month. The emperor would come to the Hall of the prayer for Good Harvest and held a big ceremony to pray for a bumper harvest. The second time was on Winter Solstice, and a sacrificial ceremony would be held at the Circular Mount Altar to offer a sacrifice to the Heaven.

Being a sacred place for worshipping heaven, the Temple of Heaven had been twice seriously damaged by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860 and the invading troops of the eight powers in 1900.

Architecturally speaking, the Temple of Heaven has two themes: the heave and the earth. The surrounding walls of the Temple of Heaven are 6 meters high with a semicircular wall to the north and square shaped wall to the south. This represents an ancient belief that the heaven was round and the earth was square. There are three main buildings in the Temple of Heaven, they are: the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, the Imperial Heavenly Vault and the Circular Mound Altar.

北京天坛的英文导游词 篇8

我们今天所要参观的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。明朝永乐皇帝迁都北京以后,在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛,占地面积达到了273万平方米。主建筑是大祀殿,也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙,北面是圆形,南面是方形,取意天圆地方。

在一开始,祭天和祭地都是天坛,直到明嘉靖年间在北城修建了地坛,才分开的,并且新增了圜丘坛,用于孟冬祭天,把原来的大祀殿改为大享殿,专门用于孟春祈谷,当时殿宇屋顶已经是三重檐了,从上至下的蓝黄绿三色瓦分别代表了天地万物。而在乾隆年间,有将大享殿改为现在的祈年殿,而将屋顶瓦片都改成了蓝色的琉璃瓦。从而形成了今天我们所看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。可是这样一个祭天圣地,却也曾经在1860年时遭到英法联军的洗劫,继而在时候又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏。在袁世凯登基的时候也曾经在天坛上演了一出祭天的闹剧.

在,天坛最终还是以公园开放。解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点,而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分,来这里的不光是旅游者,还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始此次游览。现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进,将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙,使外方内圆,符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组棂星门,从东面依次是泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞,每组三门,共有24座,称为“云门玉立”。大家可以注意到,棂星门的大小都不一样,这是因为中门是上帝专用的,所以高大;皇帝只能从左侧的门进入;而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。而门外的一座平台就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更换祭服和盥洗的地方,叫做具服台。来到了圜丘坛下,我们马上要开始登坛了,不过我请您留心每层坛面都要有多少台阶。到了最高层,大家也就都发现了,坛上所有的台阶数,护板数都是九或者九的倍数。每登上一层,都要有9层台阶,台面上的石板中间的叫做天心石,外围第一圈砌着9圈巨大的扇形石板,第二圈18块,以此类推,到了最外边的第九块。

北京天坛的英文导游词 篇9

ladies and gentlemen:

welcome to the temple of heaven. (after self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of china. there are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. all in all ,there are 12 million visitors very year. now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter. it will take roughly one hour. mind you ,the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the god of heaven.

the largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to heaven ,the temple of heaven served as an exclusive altar for chinese monarchs during the ming and qing dynasties. it was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship heaven and pray for good harvest. but why ?

the ancient chinese believed that heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind,and thus worshiping rites dedicated to heaven came into being.

the heaven the ancient chinese referred to was actually the universe, or nature. in those days, there were specfic rites of worship. this was especially true during the ming and qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.

the temple of heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of emperor youngle of the ming dynasty. situated in the southern part of the city ,this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. to better symbolize heaven and earth ,the northern part of the temple is circular while the southern part is square .the whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one. the outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices. the inner enclosure consists of the hall of prayer for good harvest and the circular mound altar.

the circular mound altar is enclosed by two walls ,each containing four groups of southern lattice star gate, each in turn consisting of three doors, with 24 marble doors altogether. standing on the passage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. this reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs, while the narrower one was used by courtiers.

on the day of the ceremony ,the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. he ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.

we are now on the top terrace of the altar, or the third terrace .each terrace has a flight of 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. the number of stones in the first ring is 9, in the second ,18, up to 81 in the 9th ring. even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9. but why?

according to ancient chinese philosophy, yin and yang were two opposing factors. heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the earth and even numbers belonged to yin. nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man . what is more, the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.

once more look at the round stone in the center. the upper terrace is nine zhang (a chinese unit of length, one zhang equals 3.3 meters ) in circumference ,while the middle is 15 zhang, the lower,21 zhang. classified as yang numbers, the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success. what is more, by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples, the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized . the concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.

now i will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the inter solstice. the memorial tablet dedicated to heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace, while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks. the service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning. all of the lanterns would be lit .in the foreground, a sacrificial calf is being barbecued. on the square in front of the altar, the emperor, under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers, princes of royal blood ,musicians, dancers and uniformed soldiers, would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of heaven. when the service drew to a close ,the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated .all of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing god off .music and dancing would follow .in the end ,the emperor would return to the forbidden city secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by heaven until the next winter solstice.

it is interesting to note that ,the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance ,since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer. the stone ,which is known as the god`s heart stone, is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder, thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service .you can try this out by yourself. (proceed northward to pass through the lattice stargate)

this structure is known as heaven` s storehouse. it is entered through the gate of glazed tiles. the roofing,beams, and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks. this is the only structure of its kind in china today .

the heaven` s storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept. douglas hurd, a former british foreigh secretary ,once said , “god attends to his affairs on the cir4cular mound altar but stays here. ” now let` s go in to to see it (go through the left side door)

(in the courtyard of heaven` s storehouse)this is the imperial vault of heaven, the main structure of heaven` s storehouse. it was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter. the structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball ,and carved wooden doors and windows. it is decorated with colored paintings. founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace ,the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance.. the ramp is carved in “two dragons playing with a pearl ” design in relief. we will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side.

the arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings. on top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson ,or covered ceiling .the ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design. the 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses.

to the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal. atop it ,up a wooden flight of 9 steps, is where the major tablet dedicate to heaven was enshrined. on each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex halls in the courtyard, there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun, moon ,constellation, cloud ,rain, wind and thunder.

aside from exquisitely laid out architectures, heaven` s storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features, i. e. the echo wall and the triple- sound stone. a mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side, although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart. this is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth ,solid bricks.

in front of the steps leading away from the halls is the triple sound stone. if you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands, the sound will echo once; on the second stone, the sound will be heard twice; and on the third stone, the sound will repeat three times. hence the name. (go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path nor thward)

the temple of heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60,000 cypress trees in all,among which over 4,000 are more than one hundred years old ,adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple .this tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago. its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons; thus it is known as the nine-dragon cypress. it is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs. now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.

Now we are back again on the central axis. this brick-arched gate is known as chengzhen (adopting fidelity) .this gate is the northern gate of the circular mound altar and the hall of prayer for good harvest. the hall of prayer for good harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis. it was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.

entering the hall of prayer for good harvest, we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long, which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall. this broad north-south walkway, called danbiqiao (red stairway bridge), connects the two sets of main building in the temple of heaven and constitutes a single axis.

the passage is divided into left, control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs. the central and the widest path is known as heavenly thoroughfare , which was reserved exclusively for god; nobody, including the emperor, was allowed to set foot onto it . the emperor used the path on the east,which is known as the imperial walk. the ministers and princes used the one on the west .interesting enough ,there is no walkway left for ordinary people. this is because the temple of heaven used to be off-limits to them.

contrary to appearances, this walkway is not a bridge at all . but how so ? this road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep. the cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice. all in all ,it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in beijing.

looking back at the thoroughfare, you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end. as people approach the architectural group of the hall of prayer for good harvest, the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens. here you are in heaven.

the marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai, or costumechanging terrace. it is located to the east of the red stairway bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters .it has marble slab balustrades. the day before the service ,officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes. after the service,the emperor would return to the tentand change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace. (proceed to the south gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest)

this structure is called the gate of pray for good harvest. we can catch a slight glimpse of the central building ,the hall of prayer for good harvest, though the colonnade of the gate. a gigantic and lofty group of buildings, the complex includes the gate of prayer for good harvest, the hall of prayer for good harvest, eastern and western annex halls ,the huanqian (imperial heaven) long corridor, heaven kitchen, slaughterhouse, etc.

the annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace ,to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall .this unique building ,38 meters in height, is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball. the roofing is made of blue glazed tiles, the color of the sky .underneath the roof, the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings. the base of the structure is a triple-tiered, circular marble terrace. at a distance, the terrace looks like a gigantic, spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it .

today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of beijing, which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.

the base of the hall is a triple-tiered, circular marble terrace, which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height ,covering a space of 4,000 square meters. meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure. in the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs, there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud, dragon and phoenix designs. to set off the ramps, the top of the balustrades and downpipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls. in southern part of each tier, a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed. sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.

(in front of the hall of prayer for good harvest) climbing up this marble terrace, we see the main hall,a masterpiece of ancient china. looking up you will see the caisson, or covered ceiling, characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes. in and out , the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.

without the use of steel ,cement and nail, and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams,the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars, laths, joints and rafters. the four central pillars, called the dragon-well pillars, are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers, representing the four season. there are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars each. the inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 divisions of the day and night .between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the chinese lunar year. the pillars, 28 in number, also represent the 28 constellations in the universe- the ancient chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.

the center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab, which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter. interestingly, the slab features natural black and white veins, corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling. this particular slab is known as the dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.

the furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when emperor xianfeng ruled .in the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of heaven. on either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed. each tablet is fronted by an altar. a total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it ,including soup, wine, assorted cereals, and a calf.

the sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning, sometime in the first month of the chinese lunar year. because it was still dark, candles, lanterns and torches were lit. this lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall ,helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.

by the time the service began,207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall. the emperor, in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity, would walk slowly into the hall, kowtow, and offer wine and prayer in hornor of the deities and his ancestors. all of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for good harvest. with this we conclude our visit to the temper of heaven. the feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history .however, this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.

from the eastern gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest, we have now enter a 300-meter-long corridor. consisting of 72 sections, this corridor served as a connecting building between the slaughterhouse. heaven kitchen, and the main hall ,it is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line. flanking the corridor are shopping stalls. you may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.

well ,that is all for this tour. thank you for your attention. i look forward to your next visit. good luck and bon voyage.

北京天坛的英文导游词 篇10

各位游客:大家好!

欢迎来到天坛。我叫“汤采璇”,你们可以叫我“汤导游”。希望大家玩得开心,玩得愉快!朋友们,现在到的地方就是天坛。大家往上看,有三个想似UFO的天坛。这么大,真是气魄雄伟!

天坛在原外城的东南部。位于故宫正南偏东的城南,正阳门外东侧。始建于明朝永乐(1420年)。是中国古代明、清两朝历代皇帝祭天之地。总面积为273公顷,是明清两代用以“祭天祈谷“的建筑。天坛1961年,公布天坛为”全国重点文物保护单位“。1998年被教科文组织确认为“世界文化遗产”。

天坛占地272万平方米,整个面积比紫禁城(故宫)还大些,有两重坦墙,形成内外坛,主要建筑祈年殿、皇穹宇、圜丘建造在南北纵轴。坛墙南方北圆,象征天圆地方。圜丘坛在南,祈谷坛在北,二坛同在一条南北轴线上,中间有墙相隔。圜丘坛内主要建筑有圜丘坛、皇穹宇等,祈谷坛内主要建筑有祈年殿、皇朝乾殿、祈年门等。

“各位游客,今天的行程就到这里,欢迎大家有时间再来细细游赏。”

北京天坛的英文导游词 篇11

大家好!今天由我来带着大家游玩天坛公园,我叫马思宇,大家也可以叫我马导,现在让我来给大家介绍一下天坛公园。

天坛的美丽景色打动了五湖四海、四面八方的游客,那里的建筑十分壮观、美丽,是不容置疑的世界文化遗产。天坛建于公元15世纪上半叶,坐落在皇家园林当中,四周古松怀抱,是保存完好的坛庙建筑群。

天坛里还有许许多多有趣的建筑呢!

1。祈年殿:祈年殿大家一定不耳生,它可是天坛的代表作呢!原来它是皇帝祈祷五谷丰登的场所,是一座三重檐的圆形大殿,里面刻着精美的图画,最顶上按着一块石头叫龙凤石,可以隐隐约约的看见一条龙和一只凤,到了祈年殿大家可以看一看。祈年殿高38米,直径32。72米,蓝色的琉璃瓦顶,全砖木结构,没有大梁、长檩,全靠28根结实的木柱子和36根枋支撑,是具有高度的艺术价值的艺术品。

2。回音壁:朋友们,我小的时候来这里,我们就去了这里,我在东,爸爸在西,我小声的说了个:“老爸”过来一会儿,我俩会合了,爸爸问我:“你是不是说了个老爸?”我惊奇的答道:“是,你是怎么知道的?”爸爸说:“回音壁是皇穹宇的围墙。墙高3。72米,厚0。9米,圆径61。5米,周长193。32米。围墙的弧度十分规则的。”怎么样?有趣吧!不信的话到那里试一试吧!

3。圜丘坛:圜丘坛是皇帝举行祭天大礼的地方,站在它的最上层中央的圆石上,虽小声说话,却显得十分洪亮。还有台面上墁嵌九重天。即第一重日天,第二重月天,第三重金星天,第四重木星天,第五重水星天,第六重火星天,第七重土星天,第八重二十八宿天,第九重宗天。“

怎么样?大家一定迫不及待了吧!听了我的介绍大家一定对天坛有了一定的了解吧!不过我的口下可说不完天坛的美丽和炫丽,还需要大家去细细游赏!祝大家玩的开心!我们一会儿见!

北京天坛的英文导游词 篇12

大家好,我是这次旅游的导游,我姓廖,大家可以叫我廖导!

现在快到目的地——北京天坛,所以我先给大家将一些注意事项:“礼貌、卫生、秩序、眼看手勿动、禁止乱涂乱画”这五点,记得哦!

乘客们,旅游景点已到,请大家有秩序的下车!现在我们来到了天坛的正门,这里是皇帝前来祭祀时进出的大门。现在,就让我一一地为大家介绍吧!

天坛,1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。它位于北京城南端,是明、清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。天坛不仅是中国古建筑中的明珠,也是世界建筑史上的瑰宝。

天坛东西长1700米,南北宽1600米,种面积为273万平方米。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛,围墙分内外两层,呈回字形。北围墙为孤圆形,南围墙与东西墙成直角相交,为方形。这种南方北圆,通称“天地墙”,象徽古代“天圆地方”之说。

以上就是天坛的故事,时间不早了,现在,大家自由参观拍照吧!转眼间,我们的北京天坛一日游又结束了,大家有秩序的坐车回家吧!